Electron discharge device



Ot. 22, 1946. `H. J. BAILEY ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE Filed April 8,1942 Patented Oct. 22, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,409,667

ELECTRON' DIS CHARGE DEVICE Hampton .1. Dailey, Bloomfield, N. J.,assigner to Westinghouseliletric Corporation, East Pitts# burgh, Pa.,V acorporation of Pennsylvania Application April 8, 1942, Serial No.438,141 (o1. o-27.5)

6 Claims.

This invention relates to electron discharge de vices, and moreparticularly to appurtenances thereto for prolonging the useful lifethereof.

In various electron discharge devices or tubes, especially thoseemploying or developing high power, considerable strain is developedthrough heat and otherwise which ultimatelyresults in the tube becomingdefective or otherwise undesirable or not usable. The prevailing use ofanodes and other' electrodes as parts of the envelopes, sealed to theglass portions of such-envelopes, renders the need for corrective meansvmore. imperative. Either a high temperature gra-dient or a highelectro-static iield gradient atv the seal between themetal and theglass ofduplex envelopessuch asmentioned, is an adverse gradient and-a.di-rect cause of failure of the devices. In tubes utilizing ordeveloping high power, the anode. beGQ'mes very ho-tand its situation-at tlleexterior of theV tube is desirable V'for dissipation of heatnotwithstandingY the resultant comlfllication` 0f ytempera--` turegradient between-it` andthe glass.A High difference oftemperature-andhigh rate of tcmperature change are both adverse gradients.

The present invention is directed primarily to and has for an objectprovision of an adequate, practical and readily assembled and appliedmeans for aiding in reduction ofdetrimcntal gra.F dients affecting `theseal. i

A further object is to promote economy of fabrication in effectingattachment of the adverse gradient reducing means tothe electrode.

Another object of the invention is to `provide a heat exchange or coolinmeans which will ob.- tain air circulation for the purpose.

.A further object of the invention is to 4provide parts which `establishspacing fand fposition `of the parts by juxtaposing'the same, as Well asfirmness and non-vibration in use.

Yet another object is toovercome electro-static gradient at thefeatheredge seal. of the metal electrode portion tothe glassportion` ofthe envelope.

Still furtherfobjects ofthe 'invention will appear to thoseskilled inthe art as the description progresses, both by direct statement thereofand by implication from the context. s l

In the accompanyingrdrawing, whereinlike numerals of reference Vindicatesimilar parts throughout the several views:

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of my invention applied to atransmitting tube; j

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional View of the same through the heatexchange means; and

Figure 3 is a perspective view of one of the fine forming parts of theheat exchange means,

eral, the one chosen for exempliiication hereinbe,`

ing specifically a transmittingtube. Said device` or tube, Which,ofcou-rse, utilizes the usual-triode electrodes, is shown as having one ofthose elec.- trodes, namely, metallic anode H, also` constituting a part`of the envelope.' Said electrode isa generally cylindrical structurewith a closed outer end and vvith its inner end shown featheredged at i2for obtaining `a yieldable junction with the marginal end of. portion13vvhich is likewise lindrical but of glass. i i A l Around thecylindrical electrode, such as anode Il shown, is applied'my improvedheat-exchange er cooling means I4 which is preferablyY constituted by aplurality of metallic heat conductive ns I5 radiating from a heatconductive metallic l inner collar surrounded by a metallic heatconductive outer cellar `l 9. More specically, the `fins l5 arepreferably plates, each having the opposite vertical margins lli, llthereof bentY laterally .in opposite `directions `forming aleshape` incrosssection. One of thosebent margins .is `Wider than the other,` themore narrowrone .H5 beingireferredV to as the inner flangev and theother margin I7 of Wider dimension being referred to as the outerflange. The ns are arranged in, an annular sequencefvvith thelongitudinal edge of the 4inner margin or flange l5 of one fin bearingagainstthe body surface ofthe finnextbeyond and thelongitudinal edge ofthe outer flange I1 bearing against `the bodysurface of the iin nextbehind in the sequence. The ange dimensions aroma-de such that the lingwill be symmetricallydisposed about the inner collar I8 when juxtaposedto each other as` just described, and the `inner flanges will atsuchtime all be in engagement with said collar which in turn is tightlymounted on .the

outer` surface of the anode l l and soldered theref to if so desired.`lt will be observed thatthe suc,` cession of flanges constitutessubstantially con tinuous cylindrical surfaces at the inner andouterends ofthe ns. Around'the .outer cylindrical surface formed by the outerflanges islsituated said outer collar i9, both of said collars I8 and I9beingpreferably of equal depth as theiins and of appropriate diameter t0be in physical contact with the said cylindrical surfaces throughout.The plane of the plate part of each iin, that is, the leg of theZ-shaped cross-section, slopes with respect to a radial plane of thering intersecting said leg. Variation of that slope may occur inassembly or in use to accommodate fthe outer diameter of the n assemblyto the inner diameter of the outer ring.

I'he flanges I6, Il of the fins are preferably secured, as by silversolder, to the surfaces against which they abut, whereby the fins arerigidly secured at their inner ends to the inner collar I8 and hence tothe electrode and at their outer ends to the outer or fin-encirclingcollarjlS. The structure is therefore rm and will not vibrate, and givesmaximum area for heat conduction from the electrode to the fins and fromthe fins to the outer collar. The mode of fabrication, particularly inattachment of the fins by flanges next the inner collar and similarflanges next the outer collar results in a great saving in machine workand with improved product, especially over constructions where slotshave been milled to receive edges of the ns. By virtue of theconstruction set forth, the body portions of the successive fins arespaced from each other and, with pairs of flanges, provide verticalllues 2U open'at tcp and bottom. A positive circulation of air past theentire iin surface is accomplished and maximum cooling or heat exchangeis effected. Heat transmitted by conduction to collar IS is dissipatedfrom the outer surface; thereof by reason of its exposure to theatmosphere. vAccordingly the temperature gradient between metallic anodeand glass portions of the envelope is reduced materially.

It is likewise desirable to reduce the electric gradient at the junctureof glass and metal. This result is accomplished by providing a metallicsleeve 2| depending from the inside of the anode downwardly past theregion of the junction being discussed. This sleeve is within theevacuated envelope.

lOutside the envelope, directly opposite the junction of anode and glassparts thereof, is a metallic shielding ring 22 suspended by hangers23vsecured thereto and in turn carried by the heretofore described heatexchange means. As shown, the hangers are in the form of pins the upperends of which enter certain of the nues of the cooling means next theouter flange of the adjacent rln, said pins being silver soldered inplace or otherwise secured.

By use of the inner sleeve or shield 2| and the outer shield or ring 22,the electro-static eld at ther junction of glass and metal is made zeroor very low and thus the glass at the junction is protected from injurywhich might result otherwise from the electro-static field. The electricgradient and the temperature gradient both being reduced in accordancewith my invention the permanence of the seal between the metallic`electrode and the glass portions of the envelope has been assured.

` Since the various details of construction, as Well as the preciserelation and functioning of parts are subject to variation and changewithout departing from the inventive concept or scope of Ithe invention,it is intended .that all matte1 contained in the specification orillustrated in the drawing, shall be interpreted as exemplary and not ina limiting sense.

I claim:

1. In combination, an electron .discharge `device having aglass-to-metal substantially cylindrical junction, ring-shaped meanscarried by said device as part thereof longitudinally displaced from andwithin effective heat-transfer range of said junction and with the metaland glass margins next the junction fully exposed below said ring-shapedmeans for reducing adverse temperature gradient affecting said junction,and fins above said exposed margins next the junction extendingoutwardly from said device to said ring-shaped means supporting the sameand transferring heat thereto by conduction.

2. In combination, an electron discharge device having a glass-to-metalsubstantially cylindrical junction with margins of the metal and glassnext said junction exposed outwardly, ringshaped means encircling saiddevice substantially opposite and within eiective electro-static rangeof said junction for reducing adverse electric gradient affecting saidjunction, and means carried by yan external part of said device at adistance from said junction supporting said ringshaped means in xedposition opposite said junction.

3. A cooling means for an electron discharge device having a metallicelectrode as an outside part of an envelope, comprising a collar aroundsaid electrode, a plurality of fins radiating from said collar andhaving flanges next the collar forming a continuous surface around andin contact with said collar.

4. A cooling means for an electron discharge device having a metallicelectrode as an outside part of an envelope, comprising a plurality offins radiating from said electrode, said ns having flanges at their endsradially outermost, said flanges extending from one iin to the next andsuccessively forming a continuous outer cylindrical surface, and acollar surrounding and in contact with said surface.

5. A cooling means for an electron discharge device having a metallicelectrode as an outside part of an envelope, comprising a collar insurface contact with and surrounding said electrode, a plurality of finsradiating from said collar, said fins having flanges at their inner andouter edges, said flanges at the inner edges successively engaging nextadjacent lns and forming a continuous cylindrical surface around saidcollar, said fins having flanges at their ends radially outermost, saidflanges extending from one n to the next and successively forming acontinuous outer cylindrical surface, and a collar surrounding and incontact with said out'er cylindrical surface.

6. A cooling means for an electron discharge device having a metallicelectrode as an outside part of an envelope, comprising a collarsurrounding a part of said electrode substantially coaxial therewith andspaced outwardly therefrom, and a plurality of ns extending from saidelectrode to said collar, said fins sloping away from radial planesintersecting said ns, each iin having flanges at the inner and outeredges thereof with the flange at the inner edge on the opposite side ofthe n from the flange at the outer edge whereby said n is Z-shape incross section.

' HAMPTON J. DAILEY.

